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The Czech Republic

The Czech Republic​

Part I.​

  • Location: Central Europe, borders with Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south, and Slovakia to the east.
  • National Parks:
    • Krkonoše National Park (Oldest).
    • Šumava National Park (Largest).
  • Highest Peak: Sněžka (1603 m) in the Krkonoše Mountains.
  • Longest River: Vltava (430 km within Czechia, part of the Elbe with 1094 km overall).
  • Largest Pond: Rožmberk.
  • Lowest Point: Polabská nížina.
  • Cities: Brno, Liberec, Ostrava, Hradec Králové, Karlovy Vary (International Film Festival), Plzeň, České Budějovice.
  • Area: 79,000 km².
  • Population: 10.5 million.
  • Symbols: Flag, Coat of Arms, National Anthem.
  • Currency: Czech Crown.
  • Historical Lands: Moravia, Bohemia, Silesia.
  • Regions: 14.
  • NATO and EU: Member since 1999 and 2004, respectively.
  • Sights: Telč, Lednice-Valtice Area, Kutná Hora, Český Krumlov, Historic Centre of Prague.
  • History:
    • Founded Bohemian Kingdom in the 5th century.
    • Ruling families: Lucemburks, Přemyslovci, Habsburgs.
    • Establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918.
    • Nazi invasion in 1938.
    • Communist putsch in 1948.
    • USSR invasion in 1968 (Warsaw Pact).
    • Velvet Revolution in 1989.
    • Separation of Czechoslovakia and establishment of Czech Republic in 1993.

Part II.​

  • Czech Flag Description: Horizontal white band above a red band with a blue triangle.
  • First Dynasty: Přemyslovci.
  • King Charles IV: Czech king and Holy Roman Emperor.
  • Big Conflicts in Middle Ages: Hussite Wars, Thirty Years' War.
  • Czech National Revival Period: 18th–19th century.
  • Personalities:
    • Sports: Jaromír Jágr, Hašek, Zátopek, Šebrle, Železný.
    • Culture: Karel Čapek, Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana, Miloš Forman.
    • Politics: Václav Havel, T. G. Masaryk, Milada Horáková.
    • Science: J. E. Purkyně.
  • Political System:
    • Parliament consists of two chambers: House of Deputies (200 members) and Senate (81 members).
    • Executive branch represented by the government and the president.
    • President elected directly by the people for a five-year term.
  • Inventions: Sugar cubes, contact lenses, word "robot".
  • Nobel Prize Winners: Jaroslav Heyrovský, Seifert.
  • Bests of Our Country: Beer consumer, biggest density of castles and biggest castle complex.
  • Oscars: "Obchod na korze", "Ostře sledované vlaky".

Prague​

  • One of the world's great architectural jewels.

  • Sights:

    • Prague Castle: 250-500 CZK, 1000 years old, museum, cathedral.
    • Dancing House: Terrace 100 CZK, gallery free, restaurant.
    • Lennon Wall: Free, since the 1980s, street art.
    • Strahov Monastery: Monastery Library 120 CZK, Picture Gallery 80 CZK.
    • Vyšehrad: Free, Basilica of St. Peter and Paul, cemetery, Rotunda of St. Martin.
    • Clementinum: 300 CZK, tour of Baroque Library Hall, astronomical towers, Meridian Halls.

  • Establishment: 9th century.

  • Capital City: 14th century.

  • Old Centre of Prague:

    • The Old Town.
    • New Town.
    • Josefov.
    • The Lesser Quarter.
    • Hradčany.

Vocabulary​

  • Two-Tailed Lion: Lev dvouocasý.
  • Princess: Kníže.
  • Principality: Knížectví.
  • Czech Estates: Stavy.
  • National Revival: Národní Obrození.
  • Municipal House: Obecní Dům.
  • The Lesser Quarter: Malá Strana.
  • Mortar: Malta.
  • Legend Has It: Legenda Praví.
  • Abbot: Opat.
  • Powder Tower: Prašná Brána.
  • Astronomical Clocks: Orloj.
  • Mill: Mlýn.
  • Relics: Relikvie.
  • Prophesied: Věštit.
  • Wenceslas Square: Václavské Náměstí.